(a) Soil compaction caused by construction traffic running alongside a woodland. (b) Soil characteristics modified by soil compaction. Increasing or decreasing band width indicates the impact of soil compaction on the named soil characteristics. Dashed lines indicate that trends are likely to be non-linear. Redrawn from Hirons and Percival (2012). Crown Copyright, courtesy Forestry Commission (2012), licensed under the Open Government License v3.0
References:
1. International Society of Arboriculture's Arborist News, Volume 29, Number 5, October 2020
2. Hirons AD, Percival GC (2012) Fundamentals of tree establishment: a review. In: Johnston M,
Percival G (eds) Trees, people and the built environment. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh
3. Johnston, Mark & Hirons, Andrew. (2014). Plants for People and Places, Vol. 2 Environmental Horticulture (pp.693-711). Urban Trees (Chapter 20).
